Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Where this fits in the syllabus

Grade 11 · Term 1

Key points to revise

Revise Introduction to Organic Chemistry fast with concise, exam-ready key points

About O/L Science: O/L Science integrates physics, chemistry, and biology into a single subject across Grade 10 and 11.

• Hydrocarbons: contain only C and H; alkanes (C-C single bond), alkenes (C=C double bond)
• Alkane general formula: CₙH₂ₙ₊₂; methane CH₄, ethane C₂H₆, propane C₃H₈
• Alkene general formula: CₙH₂ₙ; ethene C₂H₄ (monomer for polyethylene)
• Combustion: hydrocarbon + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O (complete); CO + H₂O (incomplete)

Must know

• Functional groups: -OH (alcohols), -COOH (carboxylic acids), -COO- (esters)
• Ethanol (C₂H₅OH): fermentation: C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂
• Polymers: many monomers joined; polyethylene from ethene; addition polymerisation
• Homologous series: same functional group, differ by CH₂; trends in properties

Source: NIE O/L Science Grade 11 — Unit 6: Organic Chemistry

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