Human Body Systems

Where this fits in the syllabus

Grade 10 · Term 2

Key points to revise

Revise Human Body Systems fast with concise, exam-ready key points

About O/L Science: O/L Science integrates physics, chemistry, and biology into a single subject across Grade 10 and 11.

• Digestive: mouth → oesophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine → rectum
• Circulatory: heart pumps oxygenated blood via arteries; deoxygenated returns via veins
• Respiratory: O₂ in via lungs → alveoli → blood; CO₂ reverse path
• Nervous: brain + spinal cord (CNS) + peripheral nerves; reflex arc bypasses brain

Must know

• Digestion enzymes: amylase (starch→sugar), protease (protein→amino acids), lipase (fat→glycerol+fatty acids)
• Nervous system: stimulus → receptor → sensory nerve → CNS → motor nerve → effector → response
• Hormones (endocrine system): insulin (blood glucose), adrenaline (fight/flight), oestrogen/testosterone
• Blood components: red cells (O₂), white cells (immunity), platelets (clotting), plasma (transport)

Source: NIE O/L Science Grade 10 — Unit 9: Human Body Systems

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In the Syllabus