Present perfect continuous & Cohesive devices — O/L English

What must I remember about Present perfect continuous & Cohesive devices?

• Cohesive devices connect ideas logically across sentences: addition (furthermore, in addition, moreover), contrast (however, although, whereas).
• Concessive clauses introduced by 'although' or 'even though' acknowledge a contrasting reality: 'Although the examination was demanding, she excelled'.
• Causal connectors express reason and consequence: 'because', 'since', 'as', 'therefore', 'consequently', 'due to' (+ noun phrase).
• Relative adverbs establish logical links: 'where' (place), 'when' (time), 'why' (reason).
• Effective paragraph construction relies on unity (one central thought), development (supporting evidence), and coherence (linking transitions).

Test yourself (1 minute)

1. The double conjunction error

   Never use 'Although' and 'but' in the same sentence (e.g., 'Although he studied, but he failed' is INVALID; write 'Although he studied, he failed').

2. 'Due to' vs 'Because of'

   'Due to' functions adjectivally after 'be' verbs ('The delay was due to rain'); 'because of' functions adverbially ('The match was postponed because of rain').

3. Essay writing coherence (Paper 2 Test 14/16)

   Use at least three distinct cohesive linkers to ensure smooth transitions between arguments.

Practise Present perfect continuous & Cohesive devices questions today

Source: NIE G.C.E. (O/L) English Language Syllabus (Grade 10, Unit 7)

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Grade 10 · Term 2