Axial skeleton — A/L Biology

How do I practise Axial skeleton?

1 question with a worked solution

1. Which structural feature is unique to human cervical vertebrae (C3–C6) and distinguishes them from all thoracic and lumbar vertebrae?
   1. A) Fused vertebrae forming a triangular dorsal wedge
   2. B) Presence of articular costal facets on the centrum and transverse processes
   3. C) Large kidney-shaped vertebral body without any foramina
   4. D) Presence of transverse foramina (foramina transversaria) and bifid spinous processes
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   Correct answer: D) Presence of transverse foramina (foramina transversaria) and bifid spinous processes

   Cervical vertebrae (C1–C7) uniquely possess transverse foramina through which the vertebral arteries ascend to the brain. In addition, vertebrae C2 to C6 typically feature bifid (split) spinous processes and small, oval centra.

   Show worked solution

   Step 1: Identify vertebral characteristics: - Cervical: transverse foramina (vertebral artery pathway), bifid spinous processes. - Thoracic: costal facets for rib articulation, long downward-pointing spinous processes. - Lumbar: massive kidney-shaped centra, blunt hatchet-shaped spinous processes. Answer: Presence of transverse foramina (foramina transversaria) and bifid spinous processes.
   Modelled on: the A/L Biology examination pattern

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Where does Axial skeleton fit in the syllabus?

Year 2 · Term 1